Scientists have grown a brain in a jar

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By Matthew Griffin Enhanced Humans and Biotech 29th July 2016

WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF

Once the stuff of science fiction movies scientists have managed to grow a (small) brain in a jar.

Scientists in Singapore have successfully grown functioning midbrain tissue – a feat that may bring researchers a step closer to finding a cure for brain diseases like Parkinson’s disease.

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A brain in a jar

The group of researchers from the A*Star Genome Institute of Singapore, the Duke-NUS Medical School and the National Neuroscience Institute announced their findings from their two year research effort to the press on Thursday.

While other researchers have previously managed to grow brain tissue in a lab, the Singapore team says their “eureka moment” came when they found the midbrain tissue had created neuromelanin, a pigment found in the human midbrain.

The midbrain is located in the brain stem, and is the part of the brain responsible for controlling auditory, eye movement and body movement.

The brain of a Parkinson’s disease sufferer shows depleted levels of neuromelanin, which has been associated with protecting cells from dying. With the functioning midbrain tissue, the researchers hope it can provide new testing ground for possible cures for the disease.

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Professor Ng Huck Hui, the Genome Institute’s executive director, said the midbrain tissue had been grown from pluripotent cells – stem cells that can be programmed to become any tissue. The scientists had established a method of turning the cells into midbrain tissue, and noticed the neuromelanin in the “mini brains” that they had grown in their jar.

“We didn’t expect to find the black pigment there,” he said, adding that the discovery opens the path for more targeted, individual cures.

Theoretically, doctors could grow many mini brain replicas from skin cells taken from a Parkinson’s patient, allowing specific testing and treatment to be done for the individual, said Professor Ng.

Each brain organoid is just 2 to 3mm in size, and took just over a month to grow. The tissue’s neurons are “live and firing,” the team said.

According to the Singapore Ministry of Health, three in every 1,000 Singaporeans over the age of 50 suffer from Parkinson’s disease.

Matthew Griffin / About Author

Described by NASA as a "Walking Encyclopaedia of the Future" and one of the world’s most in demand keynote speakers Matthew Griffin, Founder and Futurist in Chief of the 311 Institute, a global Futures and Deep Futures advisory firm, is a multi-award winning Futurist and strategic foresight expert, author, lecturer, mentor, podcast and YouTube host.

With a distinguished career running global business units at Atos, EMC, and IBM today Matthew helps leaders and titans of industry from all over the world explore the impact of the inter sections of technology, culture, and leadership, then helps them create high performance organisations that can continuously disrupt, outpace, and outthink their competition.

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