WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF

The ability to heal wounds faster is something that everyone should appreciate.

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Anyone who’s ever been injured will know that healing and the needed recovery time can be a major pain. And recently, thanks to new developments in regenerative medicine, that can grow back mouse toes and frogs legs, and stem cell technology, there have been a spate of announcements about bandages and treatments that speed up wound healing by up to 400 percent, and eliminate the scarring associated with serious burns using everything from spray on skin to so called stem guns – for starters.

Now though another revolutionary low cost wound dressing developed by researchers at University of Wisconsin-Madison that speeds up healing by almost 500 percent has been unveiled. However, unlike other bandages it uses research from the bioelectronic medicine field to speed up wound healing in a very surprising way – by using the patient’s own body energy to apply pulses to the injured area and heal the wound. In rodent tests the dressings reduced healing times to a mere three days compared to nearly two weeks for the normal healing process, and that’s a game changer.

“We were surprised to see such a fast recovery rate,” says Xudong Wang, a professor of materials science and engineering at UW-Madison. “We suspected that the devices would produce some effect, but the magnitude was much more than we expected.”

Researchers have known for several decades that electricity can be beneficial for skin healing, but most electrotherapy units in use today require bulky electrical equipment and complicated wiring to deliver powerful jolts of electricity.

“Acute and chronic wounds represent a substantial burden in healthcare worldwide,” says collaborator Angela Gibson, professor of surgery at UW-Madison and a burn surgeon and director of wound healing services at UW Health. “The use of electrical stimulation in wound healing is uncommon.”

In contrast with existing methods, the new dressing is much more straightforward.

“Our device is as convenient as a bandage you put on your skin,” says Wang.

The new dressings consist of small electrodes for the injury site that are linked to a band holding energy-harvesting units called nanogenerators, which are looped around a wearer’s torso. The natural expansion and contraction of the wearer’s ribcage during breathing powers the nanogenerators, which deliver low-intensity electric pulses.

“The nature of these electrical pulses is similar to the way the body generates an internal electric field,” says Wang.

And, those low-power pulses won’t harm healthy tissue like traditional, high-power electrotherapy devices might. In fact, the researchers showed that exposing cells to high-energy electrical pulses caused them to produce almost five times more reactive oxygen species – major risk factors for cancer and cellular aging – than did cells that were exposed to the nanogenerators.

Also a boon to healing – they determined that the low power pulses boosted viability for a type of skin cell called fibroblasts, and that exposure to the nanogenerator’s pulses encouraged fibroblasts to line up, which is a crucial step in wound healing, and produce more biochemical substances that promote tissue growth.

“These findings are very exciting,” says collaborator Weibo Cai, a professor of radiology at UW-Madison. “The detailed mechanisms will still need to be elucidated in future work.”

In that vein, the researchers aim to tease out precisely how the gentle pulses aid in healing. The scientists also plan to test the devices on pig skin, which closely mimics human tissue. And, they are working to give the nanogenerators additional capabilities–tweaking their structure to allow for energy harvesting from small imperceptible twitches in the skin or the thrumming pulse of a heartbeat.

“The impressive results in this study represent an exciting new spin on electrical stimulation for many different wound types, given the simplicity of the design,” says Gibson, who will collaborate with the team to confirm the reproducibility of these results in human skin models.

If the team is successful, the devices could help solve a major challenge for modern medicine.

“We think our nanogenerator could be the most effective electrical stimulation approach for many therapeutic purposes,” says Wang. “And because the nanogenerators consist of relatively common materials, price won’t be an issue. I don’t think the cost will be much more than a regular bandage, and the device in itself is very simple and convenient to fabricate.”