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WHY THIS MATTERS IN BRIEF

Coeliac disease affects millions of people around the world, and in extreme cases cause a lot of pain and distress and this discovery could pave the way for new cures and treatments.

 

Coeliac disease, which is bought about by an intolerance to Gluten, can be a nightmare for the people who suffer from it, and its symptoms can manifest themselves in a whole variety of ways, including gastrointestinal symptoms like bloating and diarrhoea, to psychological symptoms, anemia and seizures.

 

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At least one in 141 Americans suffer from coeliac disease and many aren’t diagnosed. Scientists thought its cause was genetic, something coded in the DNA that causes the immune system to attack the body in the presence of wheat gluten, but now, a large international team of researchers has presented some convincing evidence that the story goes deeper than that, and that the disease’s trigger might lie in a benign viral infection.

Those researchers, who published their work today in the journal Science, suspected coeliac disease had some environmental component based on lots of evidence. For instance, two percent of people living in Finnish Karelia suffer from coeliac disease, but only 0.2 percent of folks residing in its neighbour, the Russian republic of Karelia, do. Around 30 to 40 percent of Americans have at least one of the two genetic features associated with coeliac disease, according to Science News, but only 1 percent actually suffer from it. And our understanding of coeliac disease as an autoimmune response doesn’t explain why the body should have a response specifically for partially digested gluten, as opposed to the same response it has for all other partially digested proteins.

 

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That means there might be a coeliac trigger, and now epidemiological evidence seems to suggest that a virus is triggering it, but there hasn’t been much in the way of experimental evidence. The scientists had been studying reoviruses for some time before coming to the surprising realization that these otherwise benign viruses might have something to do with the coeliac disease, according to a press release. To investigate further, they tested two viral strains on mice, and found that an asymptomatic strain called T1L had the ability to trigger an intestinal immune response on food molecules like gluten. It didn’t cause coeliac disease outright, however.

But they found another piece of evidence… humans with coeliac disease seem to have a higher level of the antibody, or pathogen killing protein, for reovirus, which seemed to imply some sort of earlier viral exposure.

 

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That isn’t to say that reovirus causes coeliac disease, but it could be a factor.

“[Coeliac disease] is a complex disorder that likely requires several environmental perturbations to permanently disrupt tolerance to gluten,” said the authors.

One major caveat here though is the fact that the study was in mice, and effects in mice might not translate to effects in humans, but the conclusions of this paper are clear – a viral infection, even from a seemingly benign source, might be reason enough to start some form of preventative efforts. Maybe, in the future we might even develop a reovirus vaccine to help block coeliac disease from beginning.

About author

Matthew Griffin

Matthew Griffin, described as “The Adviser behind the Advisers” and a “Young Kurzweil,” is the founder and CEO of the World Futures Forum and the 311 Institute, a global Futures and Deep Futures consultancy working between the dates of 2020 to 2070, and is an award winning futurist, and author of “Codex of the Future” series. Regularly featured in the global media, including AP, BBC, Bloomberg, CNBC, Discovery, RT, Viacom, and WIRED, Matthew’s ability to identify, track, and explain the impacts of hundreds of revolutionary emerging technologies on global culture, industry and society, is unparalleled. Recognised for the past six years as one of the world’s foremost futurists, innovation and strategy experts Matthew is an international speaker who helps governments, investors, multi-nationals and regulators around the world envision, build and lead an inclusive, sustainable future. A rare talent Matthew’s recent work includes mentoring Lunar XPrize teams, re-envisioning global education and training with the G20, and helping the world’s largest organisations envision and ideate the future of their products and services, industries, and countries. Matthew's clients include three Prime Ministers and several governments, including the G7, Accenture, Aon, Bain & Co, BCG, Credit Suisse, Dell EMC, Dentons, Deloitte, E&Y, GEMS, Huawei, JPMorgan Chase, KPMG, Lego, McKinsey, PWC, Qualcomm, SAP, Samsung, Sopra Steria, T-Mobile, and many more.

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